India has entered a new regulatory phase after the Centre notified fresh rules that replace the long-standing telecom licensing system with an authorisation-based framework.
The move, brought under the Telecommunications Act, 2023, marks one of the biggest structural reforms in the industry since liberalisation and aims to simplify approvals, reduce compliance burdens and digitise telecom governance.
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New Framework Replaces Legacy Licensing System
The newly notified rules allow eligible entities to seek authorisation rather than obtain traditional telecom licences. Companies can apply as Network Service Operators, Virtual Network Operators (VNOs), or both, depending on the services they intend to provide. Existing operators holding Unified Licence, Unified Access Service Licence (UASL), Internet Service Provider (ISP), National Long Distance (NLD) and International Long Distance (ILD) permits will be able to migrate to the new framework.
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has also launched the Telecom eServices Portal, which will serve as the digital platform for processing applications, approvals and compliance requirements under the new regime.
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Easier Approvals, Wider Service Scope
Under the new structure, companies can seek authorisation for unified telecom services, access services, internet services and long-distance communication services across national or regional service areas. The government says the model is designed to streamline entry into the sector while creating a more uniform regulatory framework.
The rules follow a consultation process that began back in September 2025, with stakeholders from across the telecom ecosystem invited to provide feedback before the final notification.
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Satellite Operators Face Separate Compliance Requirements
The framework further introduces dedicated provisions for satellite communication providers.
Any company planning to establish, operate, or expand satellite-based telecom networks must obtain separate government approval and submit detailed information on satellite capacity, gateways and infrastructure.
The rules require satellite gateway infrastructure serving Indian users to be located within India. In addition, telecom traffic originating or terminating in India must pass through Indian gateways, and operators will be required to provide real-time traffic-monitoring facilities to authorities.
Data Storage and Security Provisions Tightened
The notified framework places due emphasis on security and data localisation.
Telecom operators must store network-related data, logs and associated information within India and cannot route or share such information outside the country without compliance with government requirements. Operators must establish lawful interception and monitoring systems as directed by authorities.
The transition from licences to authorisations may appear administrative, but it signals a broader shift in how India’s telecom industry will be governed.
For operators, satellite firms and future digital infrastructure players, the focus now moves from obtaining licences to navigating a more digital, compliance-driven and technology-neutral regulatory environment.
Samarjit Kaur is a journalist and communications professional covering technology & emerging digital trends. With a focus on clarity and context, she reports on developments shaping industries and governance. When not reporting, she chooses to plug-in and relax on her playlists and plan her next bucket-list trips!
